Motion of Elastic Particles And Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms

By Zhong-Cheng Liang 1. Research purpose In this study, the spectral structure of hydrogen atom is analyzed according to the theory...

By Zhong-Cheng Liang



1. Research purpose

In this study, the spectral structure of hydrogen atom is analyzed according to the theory of elastic particle motion. The aim is to provide a decisive argument for the generality of elastic particle model and new quantum theory. From the motion equilibrium equation, I derived the Balmer formula of atomic spectrum, predicted the spectral frequency and the limit frequency, and clarified the relationship between the spectral line-width and the transition time. The results show that the line spectrum comes from the elastic vibration of atoms. The quantum state is the statistical characteristics of elastic particle system, and quantum transition is the conversion process between different motion modes of elastic particles.

2. Physical inspiration

The impact of billiards makes a sound, and the collision of atoms makes a light. This analogy implies that both sound and light come from the vibration of elastic object, and the difference lies in the vibration frequency and the human sensory organ. Elastic object is three-dimensional body that has mass and volume, which can spin and deform. Contemporary elastic theory regards elastic body as a continuous medium, and studies the relationship between its stress and deformation. The mathematics of dealing with continuous media is very complicated, because the deformation of continuous media has infinite degrees of freedom. However, if we regard an object as a discrete system composed of a finite number of elastic particles, we can built a beautiful mathematical model for object with the method of classical physics.

3. Theoretical model 

It is known that inertia matrix (moment of inertia tensor) can be calculated for classical particle systems. Therefore, the state of a particle system can be represented by the inertia matrix. Furthermore, the motion of the particle system can be described by the time variation of inertia matrix. The inertia matrix is a real symmetric matrix with three real eigenvalues and three real eigenvectors, which respectively represent the profile and posture of the particle system. In addition, the center of mass represents the spatial position of the particle system. In the center-of-mass coordinate frame, the time variations of profile, posture and position represent three independent motion modes: vibration, rotation and translation. Each motion mode has three degrees of freedom, and a particle system is simplified as an object of nine degrees of freedom. If any object is regarded as a discrete system composed of N elastic particles, then the object has 9N degrees of freedom. The state of an object is expressed by the total energy {H, L,K} of the three motion modes. Then, we can study the state changes in detail through a Cartesian energy space constructed by {H, L,K}.



                 Figure 1. (a) Structure of energy space. (b) Equilibrium surfaces in energy space.



4. Major discovery

One of the important findings of elastic particle motion theory is to reveal the classical statistical nature of quantum states. The averages of vibration energy, rotation energy and translation energy of an object are H v, L z, K T , respectively. As the scale (metric) of s = N H = h s = L N = l s = K N = k energy, {Hs , Ls ,Ks} is the energy quantum. The quantum state is the state whose digit (number) is integer {H, , on an equilibrium surface. According to this ˜ L˜ K˜ } new quantum theory, I derived a modified Balmer formula of atomic spectrum in a simple way. This formula makes a more reasonable explanation for the mechanism of atomic radiation and gives a more detailed prediction for the characteristics of atomic spectrum.



Figure 2. The plot of quantum state on equilibrium surface S [X] .


5. Research story

Ten years ago, I proposed a non-point-like particle model to explain the transport mechanism of ionic liquids. In recent years, a systematic theory (real physics) is being developed as an extension of this research. The core of real physics is to use elastic particle model to replace the point-like particle of classical physics and the wave-like particle of modern physics. This theory has made a fundamental revision to contemporary physics, and its basic principles, concepts and conclusions are revolutionary, so it is hard to be believed and understood by people. Real physics is amazing in simplicity of principle, logical consistency and universal applicability. Its successful application in unified field and phase transition convinced me that it is a theory of everything. After a lonely but exciting exploration, I built an axiomatic theoretical framework for real physics. The foundation of real physics is the statistics of elastic particles. The buildings include the elastic particle field theory based on mass and momentum statistics, the motion state theory based on energy statistics, and the thermodynamic theory based on particle number statistics. The study of atomic spectrum is a specific application of the motion state theory, and the purpose is to demonstrate the universal applicability of real physics. Thanks to the editors, reviewers and staff of the Global Journals, they recognize my research and provide me with this publishing opportunity, communication platform and professional support.


About Author : Dr. Zhong-Cheng Liang


 I graduated from the physics department of Nanjing Normal University in 1982 with a bachelor of science degree, and graduated from the physics department of the University of Science and Technology of China in 2001 with a doctor of science degree. I am currently working as a professor in the college of electronic and optical engineering of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. As a research scholar, I visited the physics department of Berlin Free University from September 1992 to February 1994, and the electronic engineering department of California Institute of Technology from September 2004 to February 2005. So far, I have published 2 monographs, authored and coauthored more than 200 journal articles in the fields of theoretical and experimental physics, electronic and optical engineering. My current research interest focuses on the fundamental issues of theoretical physics, such as the nature of particles, fields and interactions. The goal is to establish a systematic physical theory based on the model of elastic particles.



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Global Journals | Science Innovations & Stories Blog: Motion of Elastic Particles And Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms
Motion of Elastic Particles And Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms
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